Microbiome science and contributions to saving thousands of people from diseases

Microbiome science and contributions to saving thousands of people from diseases 

Microbiome science is a field of study that focuses on the collection and analysis of microorganisms that inhabit a particular environment, particularly the microorganisms living in and on the human body. The human microbiome consists of trillions of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, which play a crucial role in maintaining health and influencing various physiological processes.

Key points about microbiome science include:

Diversity of Microorganisms: The microbiome is highly diverse, with various species of bacteria being the most abundant. Each person's microbiome is unique and influenced by factors such as genetics, diet, environment, and lifestyle.

Human Microbiome Project (HMP): Launched in 2007, the Human Microbiome Project was a research initiative aimed at characterizing the microbial communities found in and on the human body. This project provided valuable insights into the diversity and function of the human microbiome.

Functions of the Microbiome:

Digestive Health: The gut microbiome, in particular, plays a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption.

Immune System Regulation: The microbiome helps regulate the immune system and protects against pathogens.

Metabolism: Microbes in the gut are involved in the metabolism of certain nutrients and may influence weight and energy balance.

Implications for Health and Disease: Alterations in the microbiome composition, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to various health conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders.

Therapeutic Applications: Research in microbiome science has led to the exploration of therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to restore or manipulate the microbiome for health benefits.

Technological Advances: Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have significantly contributed to our ability to study and understand the composition of the microbiome. Metagenomic sequencing allows researchers to analyze the genetic material of entire microbial communities.

Microbiome and Brain-Gut Axis: Emerging research is exploring the connection between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, leading to the concept of the "brain-gut axis." This area of study investigates how the gut microbiome may influence mental health and neurological disorders.

Microbiome science is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that continues to evolve as researchers uncover new insights into the complex interactions between microorganisms and their host organisms. The knowledge gained from microbiome research has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of health and disease and open up new avenues 

Under 15% of the worldwide populace lives in Europe or North America. However over 70% of distributed human microbiome information — on the assortments of microorganisms, organisms and infections that live on and in our bodies — comes from European and North American populations1. Around 85% of the 25,000 high-goal stomach metagenomes from kids under four that are openly accessible come from people living in these rich locales (see 'Under-addressed'). In this specific situation, metagenomes are assortments of the multitude of genomes contained in a waste, skin or other human example.

In like manner, examiners are starting to investigate the microbiota as a restorative objective for different sicknesses that are normal in big league salary nations, like metabolic issues, malignant growth and provocative gut illness. Significantly less consideration is being given to how the microbiota influences conditions, for example, hunger and irresistible sicknesses that excessively influence individuals living in low-and center pay nations (LMICs).

This should change. It is presently certain that the stomach microbiota — the most contemplated of the human microbial networks — of kids and grown-ups can contrast extraordinarily contingent upon where individuals reside. So the advancement of protected and compelling microbiome-based therapeutics for those living on the planet's less 

fortunate locales relies upon microbiome information being gathered from these areas